Debt vs Equity and Claims

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Question

At an AGM, shareholders vote on directors and key proposals. What protection does this primarily provide?

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Answer

Governance oversight through voting rights.

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Question

How does the upside potential of common equity differ from that of debt?

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Answer

Equity has residual upside; debt upside is capped at promised payments.

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Question

Why can heavy debt lead shareholders to reject a positive-NPV project?

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Answer

Because debtholders capture much of the benefit.

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Question

A lender wants protection against the firm taking actions that increase default risk. Which protection is most typical for debtholders?

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Answer

Debt covenants.

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